Financial Livelihood of Dhaka Metropolis Slum Dwellers of Bangladesh during Covid-19: Underlying “Latent” Constructs

Muhammad Ziaulhaq Mamun

Citation: Muhammad Ziaulhaq Mamun, "Financial Livelihood of Dhaka Metropolis Slum Dwellers of Bangladesh during Covid-19: Underlying “Latent” Constructs", Universal Library of Business and Economics, Volume 03, Issue 01.

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

This research identified underlying factors/ constructs affecting urban slum dwellers’ financial condition during COVID-19 in Bangladesh. This is an extension of the study that identified 51 attributes in seven categories: i) work/ job, ii) wage/ earning, iii) stakeholder, iv) savings/ expenditure/ debt, v) food, vi) family well-being, and vii) offspring. Statistical factor analysis technique is conducted for dimensionality reduction to group the 51 variables under common premise. The study identified fourteen factors/ constructs that affected households during Covid-19 pandemic. The most important latent factors/ construct is related to earning shortfall, followed by stakeholders standing, and spending/ expenses. The earning shortfall-related construct consisting of 10 of the 51 variables appears to be the most important as it explains 21.251% of the variability. The second important factor (stakeholder standing) explains 7.178% of the variability and consists of eight variables involving stakeholders. The third one (spending/ expenses) consisting of six variables explains 6.548% of the variability related to household expenditure. Other factors do not seem to be very significant as they explain very low variability (=5%). The study noted that the factors and the group variables (Complex variables) identified in the coordination schema are quite coherent and consistent.


Keywords: Earning Shortfall, Family Migration, Food Intake, Offspring Destiny, Spending/ Expenses, Stakeholders Standing.

Download doi https://doi.org/10.70315/uloap.ulbec.2026.0301007